Research Rrogress of OER Electrocatalysts

Research Rrogress of OER Electrocatalysts – Catalyst Coating – Cheersonic

In order to fully demonstrate the low-cost advantage of AEM electrolysis technology, the development of non-precious metal catalysts is crucial to reducing the cost of AEM electrolysis technology. In recent years, transition metal catalysts for water electrolysis OER under weak alkaline conditions have been widely developed. These materials are mainly concentrated on the first transition metals, such as nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), iron (Fe) and copper (Cu), and the second transition metal molybdenum (Mo). Among them, Ni-based OER shows good activity and stability under alkaline conditions and is widely used as an OER electrocatalyst. Fe has a tendency to adsorb OH− substances due to its high oxygen affinity and is usually used as a promoter of OER kinetics. A large number of studies have shown that NiFe-based electrocatalysts have high intrinsic activity and low intermediate adsorption energy barriers, and have broad application prospects in weak alkaline water electrolysis OER.

In addition, Co has low cost and anti-oxidation in the oxidation reaction area. Like Ni-based OER electrocatalysts, it is also used as a precious metal substitute. Similar to NiFe-based catalysts that exhibit excellent OER performance, the introduction of Fe together with Co to form CoFe-based catalysts also exhibits good OER activity.

Based on the above metal element analysis, the current research on non-precious metal-based electrocatalysts for OER is divided into the following four aspects according to the components.

1. Transition metal oxides. Non-precious metal-based transition metal oxides are widely used as OER electrocatalysts due to their low cost, abundant raw materials, high activity and stable performance. Their overpotential can be reduced by optimizing size and surface area and adjusting structure, such as using spinel and perovskite structures.
2. Alloy electrocatalysts. Multi-element alloys can overcome the high overpotential generated by a single non-precious metal electrocatalyst, and the activity can be maximized by alloying and changing the surface electronic structure.
3. Hydroxide electrocatalysts are considered to be one of the best electrocatalysts in oxygen evolution reaction due to their low cost, high specific surface area and unique electron distribution. Typical electrocatalysts used for OER include Ni(OH)2, Co(OH)2, NiFe-LDH and NiFeOOH, etc.
4. Transition metal phosphides. Compared with other materials, phosphides can easily produce a variety of structures and show unique physical and chemical properties, especially strong conductivity and extremely strong corrosion resistance.

In short, the NiFe catalyst (layered double hydroxide/oxide) and Ni-based or Cu/Co mixed spinel and perovskite oxides that have attracted much attention are still the most promising non-precious metal-based catalysts in AEM electrolysis. In addition, further research on the OER mechanism is crucial to the development of high-performance non-precious metal-based OER catalysts from a mechanistic level.

At present, research on improving catalyst performance from a mechanistic level mainly focuses on catalyst surface reconstruction and lattice oxidation mechanism. Surface reconstruction can bring more active surface structure, which is conducive to improving the activity of the OER process. The lattice oxidation mechanism is not affected by the proportional relationship between the adsorption energies of OH* and OOH*. Since breaking the linear proportional relationship has the possibility of achieving high activity, more efficient OER electrocatalysts can be designed based on the lattice oxidation mechanism.

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