Coating Process for Each Film Layer of Perovskite Battery

In the current booming development of new energy technology, perovskite solar cells have become a research hotspot in the field of photovoltaics due to their abundant material sources and broad industrialization prospects. Compared to other types of solar cells, perovskite solar cells require abundant elements in the Earth’s crust, laying a solid foundation for their large-scale development. In the preparation process of perovskite cells, the coating process plays a decisive role in the performance of each film layer. Among them, Cheersonic’s ultrasonic coating process is bringing new changes to the industry with its unique advantages.

1. Overview of perovskite battery film layer and traditional coating process

The core membrane layers of perovskite cells include conductive glass, electron transport layer, perovskite layer, hole transport layer, and metal back electrode, each of which has its own applicable traditional coating process. Conductive glass coating is mainly achieved through offline coating (PVD) and online coating (CVD); The electronic transmission layer can be spin coated, slit coated, spray pyrolysis and other processes; Common solution preparation methods and gas-phase deposition methods for perovskite layers; The hole transport layer often uses methods such as solution spin coating and magnetron sputtering; Metal electrodes achieve coating effects through vapor deposition. However, these traditional processes have some limitations in practical applications, such as material waste, poor film uniformity, and high costs.

2. Application of Ultrasonic Coating Process in the Preparation of Perovskite Battery Membrane Layer

（1） Pre treatment of conductive glass
In the preparation process of conductive glass, ultrasonic coating technology can be used for surface cleaning and pre-treatment before coating. By generating cavitation effect through high-frequency vibration of ultrasound, it is possible to thoroughly clean small impurities and pollutants on the surface of glass. Compared with traditional cleaning methods, the cleaning effect is more thorough, providing a more ideal substrate surface for subsequent coating and helping to improve the adhesion and uniformity of the coating.

（2） Preparation of Electronic Transport Layer
The electron transport layer plays a crucial role in transporting electrons and blocking holes in perovskite cells. Cheersonic’s ultrasonic coating process can atomize the electronic transport layer material solution into uniform and fine droplets, which can be accurately sprayed onto a conductive glass substrate. This method can achieve precise control of film thickness and uniformity, avoiding the edge effects and material waste problems that exist in traditional spin coating methods. At the same time, the effect of ultrasound makes the solution more evenly distributed on the substrate surface, which is conducive to forming a continuous and dense electron transport layer, thereby improving electron transport efficiency and reducing charge recombination losses.

（3） Construction of perovskite layer
The preparation of perovskite layer is the core link that determines the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the battery. The ultrasonic coating process demonstrates significant advantages here. On the one hand, it can uniformly atomize the perovskite precursor solution, allowing droplets to deposit uniformly on the substrate surface, forming perovskite thin films with uniform thickness and good crystallinity. During the nucleation and growth process of perovskite crystals, the action of ultrasound helps to control the nucleation rate and crystal growth direction, reduce the generation of defects and pinholes, and improve the quality of thin films. On the other hand, this process can achieve large-area and continuous film preparation, meeting the needs of industrial production. Compared to traditional spraying methods, the droplet size and deposition position of ultrasonic coating technology are more controllable, avoiding the process complexity and raw material waste caused by multiple spraying, while reducing the pollution of toxic liquid emissions to the environment.

（4） Hole transport layer deposition
The cost of hole transport layer materials is relatively high, so improving material utilization and film quality is crucial. The ultrasonic coating process can achieve high-quality thin film deposition with a lower solution flow rate, effectively reducing material consumption. By precisely controlling the atomization parameters and spraying path, a uniform and dense hole transport layer can be formed on the surface of the perovskite layer, optimizing the interface energy level matching, improving the hole transport efficiency, and ultimately enhancing the overall performance of the battery.

（5） Manufacturing of metal back electrode
During the preparation process of metal back electrodes, ultrasonic coating technology can assist in achieving more uniform deposition of metal thin films. By atomizing the metal material solution and spraying it, a metal back electrode with uniform thickness and good conductivity can be formed on the surface of the hole transport layer, avoiding problems such as uneven film thickness and pinholes that may occur during the evaporation process, and improving the stability and reliability of the battery.

3. Significant advantages of ultrasonic coating process

Compared with traditional coating processes, Cheersonic’s ultrasonic coating process has multiple advantages. In terms of film quality, it can achieve nanometer level film thickness control accuracy, excellent film uniformity, effectively reduce film defects and pinholes, and improve the performance and stability of each film layer. In terms of material utilization, ultrasonic coating technology minimizes material waste through precise atomization and spraying control. Compared with traditional processes such as spin coating, material utilization can be increased several times, significantly reducing production costs. In addition, this process also has good process flexibility and scalability, which can adapt to substrates of different sizes and shapes and diverse material systems. Whether it is small-scale preparation in the laboratory or large-scale industrial production, it can demonstrate excellent performance.

4. Prospects for the Development of Coating Technology for Perovskite Batteries

With the acceleration of the industrialization process of perovskite solar cells, the requirements for coating technology are also increasing. The ultrasonic coating process, with its unique advantages, is expected to become one of the mainstream technologies for the preparation of perovskite cell film layers in the future. In the future, by further optimizing process parameters, developing specialized coating equipment and materials, ultrasonic coating technology will play a greater role in improving battery efficiency, reducing production costs, and enhancing production efficiency, promoting the development of perovskite solar cell technology to a new stage and providing strong support for global clean energy development.

About Cheersonic

Cheersonic is the leading developer and manufacturer of ultrasonic coating systems for applying precise, thin film coatings to protect, strengthen or smooth surfaces on parts and components for the microelectronics/electronics, alternative energy, medical and industrial markets, including specialized glass applications in construction and automotive.

Our coating solutions are environmentally-friendly, efficient and highly reliable, and enable dramatic reductions in overspray, savings in raw material, water and energy usage and provide improved process repeatability, transfer efficiency, high uniformity and reduced emissions.

Chinese Website: Cheersonic Provides Professional Coating Solutions