Improving Catalyst Layer Consistency in PEM/AEM Electrodes From Manual Spraying to Automated Processing: How Can Catalyst Layer Consistency Be Improved in PEM/AEM Membrane Electrodes? In fuel cell and water electrolysis research, catalyst layer fabrication requires more than achieving the target catalyst loading. Coating coverage, thickness distribution, interfacial condition, and sample-to-sample reproducibility also matter. Manual spraying or semi-automated equipment is often used during early laboratory development. However, when experiments [...]

Why Do PEM Membranes Wrinkle and Warp During Spray Coating? Why Do PEM and AEM Membranes Wrinkle and Warp During Spray Coating? From Solvent-Induced Deformation to Nonuniform Catalyst Layers In research on fuel cells and hydrogen production by water electrolysis, proton exchange membranes (PEMs) and anion exchange membranes (AEMs) serve as both ion-conducting media and essential components of membrane electrode assemblies. When catalyst inks are deposited directly onto [...]