Ion exchange membrane (AEM) water electrolysis for hydrogen production

AEM is somewhat a hybrid of PEM and traditional separator-based alkaline electrolysis. AEM electrolyzer principle: At the cathode, water is reduced to produce hydrogen and OH–. OH– flows through the separator toward the anode, where it recombines at the anode surface to produce oxygen.

Research shows that at 85°C, the current density at 1.8V voltage is 2.7A/cm2. When NiFe and PtRu/C were used as catalysts for hydrogen production reaction, the current density dropped significantly to 906mA/cm2. At different temperatures, H2/NH3, NH3, H2, and N2 gases were used to reduce NiMo oxide to synthesize electrolytic hydrogen production catalysts. The results show that the NiMo–NH3/H2 catalyst reduced by H2/NH3 has the best performance. At 1.57V and 80℃, the current density is as high as 1.0A/cm2 and the energy conversion efficiency is 75%. Currently expanding membrane production on a pilot line, the next step is to verify the reliability of the system and improve battery specifications while expanding production.

Currently, the main challenges facing AEM electrolyzers are the lack of high conductivity and alkali-resistant AEMs, and the increase in the cost of manufacturing electrolysis devices with precious metal electrocatalysts. At the same time, CO2 entering the electrolytic cell film will reduce the membrane resistance and electrode resistance, thereby reducing the electrolysis performance.

The main directions for the future development of AEM electrolyzers are:

  • Develop AEM with high conductivity, ion selectivity, and long-term alkaline stability.
  • Overcome the problem of high cost of precious metal catalysts and develop catalysts that do not contain precious metals and have high performance.
  • The current target cost of AEM electrolyzers is US$20/m2. It is necessary to reduce the synthesis cost through cheap raw materials and reducing synthesis steps, thereby reducing the overall cost of AEM electrolyzers.
  • Reduce the CO2 content in the electrolyzer and improve the electrolysis performance.

Ion exchange membrane water electrolysis for hydrogen production

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