Storage and Transportation of Hydrogen Gas

The storage and transportation of hydrogen is a key bridge connecting the production and demand ends of hydrogen. Therefore, efficient and low-cost hydrogen storage and transportation technology is a necessary guarantee for achieving large-scale hydrogen use. According to the storage state of hydrogen, storage and transportation methods can be divided into gaseous storage and transportation, liquid storage and transportation, and solid storage and transportation. At present, gaseous and liquid transportation are the mainstream transportation methods.

1. Gaseous hydrogen storage

Gaseous hydrogen storage has the advantages of fast hydrogen charging and discharging speed, simple container structure, etc. High pressure gaseous hydrogen storage is currently the main hydrogen storage method and has been widely used. Gaseous hydrogen storage has extremely strict performance requirements for hydrogen storage containers, which not only need to withstand high gas pressure, but also prevent corrosion of packaging materials by hydrogen gas itself. Resistance to high pressure and hydrogen embrittlement is currently one of the key issues that many research teams continue to tackle. There is an urgent need to conduct research on the interaction mechanism between hydrogen and materials, performance data of materials in extreme hydrogen environments such as high pressure and deep cold, low-cost, hydrogen embrittlement resistant materials, and performance prediction and regulation technologies for hydrogen energy storage and transmission equipment.

2. Liquid hydrogen storage

Liquid hydrogen storage has the advantage of high hydrogen storage density and can be divided into low-temperature liquid hydrogen storage and organic liquid hydrogen storage. Among them, liquid hydrogen storage at low temperatures has been applied in aerospace and other fields, but the application of organic liquid hydrogen storage is still in the demonstration stage. In addition, methanol is not only a green and clean fuel, but also the lowest cost and safest hydrogen storage carrier, solving the problem of hydrogen storage and transportation. The disadvantage of methanol hydrogen storage is that the one-way conversion rate of carbon dioxide and methanol yield are relatively low, and the current economic benefits are low. Liquid ammonia used for hydrogen storage has strong corrosiveness and toxicity, and the storage and transportation process poses potential hazards to human health, equipment, and the environment. In addition, there is a certain proportion of loss in the process conversion of synthetic ammonia, and the equipment for synthetic ammonia and ammonia decomposition, as well as terminal industry equipment, still need to be integrated.

3. Solid state hydrogen storage

At present, solid-state hydrogen storage mainly uses metal hydrides, chemical hydrides, or nanomaterials as carriers for hydrogen storage, and achieves hydrogen storage through chemical adsorption and physical adsorption. It is currently in the demonstration stage. The disadvantage of solid-state hydrogen storage is that the weight of hydrogen storage alloy materials has a low hydrogen storage rate and poor cycling performance. The main direction of breakthroughs in solid-state hydrogen storage technology is to increase the density of hydrogen storage, reduce temperature requirements and costs, etc.

Gaseous hydrogen storage has the characteristics of low cost, low energy consumption, and simple operating environment. It is currently a relatively mature and widely used hydrogen storage technology, but there are still bottlenecks in terms of hydrogen storage density and safety performance. Low temperature liquid hydrogen storage is the process of first liquefying hydrogen gas and then storing it in low-temperature insulated containers. Currently, it is mainly used in the aviation industry. Organic liquid hydrogen storage is highly favored by the industry due to its storage medium being similar to gasoline and diesel, which can utilize existing infrastructure to reduce application costs. Compared to gaseous and liquid hydrogen storage, solid-state hydrogen storage has more prominent advantages in terms of hydrogen storage density and safety performance. With the deepening of technological research and development, it will become an important direction for achieving efficient and safe utilization of hydrogen energy in the future.

Hydrogen production by electrolysis of water is the most advantageous method for producing hydrogen. Utrasonic coating systems are ideal for spraying carbon-based catalyst inks onto electrolyte membranes used for hydrogen generation. This technology can improve the stability and conversion efficiency of the diaphragm in the electrolytic water hydrogen production device. Cheersonic has extensive expertise coating proton exchange membrane electrolyzers, creating uniform, effective coatings possible for electrolysis applications.

Cheersonic ultrasonic coating systems are used in a number of electrolysis coating applications. The high uniformity of catalyst layers and even dispersion of suspended particles results in very high efficiency electrolyzer coatings, either single or double sided.

About Cheersonic

Cheersonic is the leading developer and manufacturer of ultrasonic coating systems for applying precise, thin film coatings to protect, strengthen or smooth surfaces on parts and components for the microelectronics/electronics, alternative energy, medical and industrial markets, including specialized glass applications in construction and automotive.

Our coating solutions are environmentally-friendly, efficient and highly reliable, and enable dramatic reductions in overspray, savings in raw material, water and energy usage and provide improved process repeatability, transfer efficiency, high uniformity and reduced emissions.

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