Artificial Blood Vessel
Artificial blood vessel is an effective substitute for coronary artery bypass surgery and arteriovenous fistula, and it occupies an important position in the field of cardiovascular medical materials. The blood compatibility and mechanical compatibility of artificial blood vessels are some key factors for their successful service after implantation. Large-caliber artificial blood vessels (>6 mm) prepared from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) have been widely used in clinical practice.
However, small-caliber artificial blood vessels still have problems such as anastomotic thrombosis and vascular intimal hyperplasia caused by low blood flow velocity, which are difficult to meet clinical needs. The development of small-caliber artificial blood vessels still faces challenges, and scientists are studying various technologies to break through the bottlenecks faced by the research of small-diameter artificial blood vessels. From traditional materials to smart materials, from xenogeneic decellularized materials to tissue engineering scaffold materials, from electrospinning manufacturing to 3D printing products, researchers have developed a variety of materials for the research and development of small-diameter artificial blood vessels.
To date, however, all artificial blood vessels have been implanted surgically, which could be a key limiting factor for widespread clinical use in the future. Therefore, the development of minimally invasive implantation technology of artificial blood vessels is a direction worth exploring in the future.
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